Lead Acid Batteries
Lead acid batteries can supply high surge currents despite having a very low energy-to-weight ratio and a low energy-to-volume ratio, meaning that they are able to meet large power requirements applications such as backup power supply storage. Their robustness and long lifetime make sealed lead acid batteries ideal for renewable energy systems: in fact, they are the most commonly used batteries across photovoltaic (PV) applications such as solar panels, where they capture surplus energy and store it for later use. They are available in a wide range of sizes and voltages to suit your requirements, typically with voltages of 6V to 24V.
What Are Lead Acid Rechargeable Batteries Used For?
Lead acid batteries are widely used in power storage, such as uninterruptible power source from automobiles to larger-scale power systems.
- Emergency lights
- Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS)
- Alarm systems
- Communication systems
How Do Lead Acid Batteries Work?
The oxygen in the active material (lead dioxide) reacts with hydrogen ions to form water, and the lead reacts with sulphuric acid to form lead sulphate. The ions moving through the electrolyte then create the current flow.
What Are Sealed Lead Acid Batteries?
Sealed lead acid batteries (also known as SLAs) are a modification of the original flooded style battery that effectively prevent the user of the battery from accessing the cell compartments. They are designed to be maintenance-free, leak-proof and position insensitive, and have enough acid within the battery to maintain the chemical reaction for prolonged periods.
Can Sealed Lead Acid Batteries be Recharged?
In the case that SLA batteries have become drained, they can be recharged with the appropriate charger designed specifically for sealed lead acid batteries. These chargers provide the correct voltage and current levels to ensure safe and efficient recharging without damaging the battery. It is essential to follow the manufacturer's guidelines for charging to prevent overcharging or undercharging, both of which can shorten the battery's lifespan. Proper maintenance and charging practices can significantly extend the life and performance of SLA batteries.
Gel Vs AGM Lead Acid Batteries
AGM (Absorbed Glass Mat)
AGM batteries contain a special glass mat that is made to wick the battery electrolytes between the battery plates. Only enough liquid is stored in the battery to keep the specially designed glass mat wet, so if the AGM battery is broken no free liquid can leak out. AGM batteries are preferred when a large number of amps are required. The life expectancy remains excellent in most cases if they are not discharged more than 60% between recharges and/or recharged fully every 3-6 months.
Gel Batteries
Gel batteries are named as such because silica is used within the battery to turn the acid into a thick, gel-like liquid and prevent the batteries from leaking. This gel allows the electrons to flow between plates but doesn't offer the same power capacity as the same physical size AGM batteries would. Gel batteries alternatively excel in slow discharge rates and slightly higher operating temperatures, with an excellent deep cycle capability. Recharging these batteries must be done correctly or it will suffer a premature failure.
Industrial Applications of Lead Acid Batteries
Sealed Lead acid batteries are widely used in various industrial applications due to their reliability, cost-effectiveness, and ability to provide high surge currents. They are essential in uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems, ensuring critical systems remain operational during power outages.
In the telecommunications industry, SLA batteries provide backup power to maintain consistent and reliable communication networks. They are also crucial in emergency lighting systems, offering illumination during electrical failures for safety and evacuation.
Additionally, lead acid batteries are integral to alarm systems, ensuring functionality during power interruptions. These batteries also power electric forklifts, golf carts, and other small electric vehicles, and are used for energy storage in renewable energy systems, making them versatile and indispensable in various industrial sectors.
Frequently Asked Questions About Lead Acid Batteries
Can you overcharge an SLA battery?
Yes, you can overcharge an SLA battery, which can lead to excessive heat, gas buildup, and potential damage. Overcharging reduces the battery's lifespan and efficiency. Using a charger with proper voltage regulation and following the manufacturer's guidelines is crucial to prevent overcharging and maintain battery health.
Can you mix SLA and AGM batteries?
Mixing SLA (Sealed Lead Acid) and AGM (Absorbent Glass Mat) batteries is not recommended. They have different charging and discharging characteristics, which can lead to imbalance, reduced performance, and potential damage. For optimal performance and longevity, use batteries of the same type and specifications.
When should I replace my SLA battery?
Replace your SLA battery when it shows signs of reduced capacity, fails to hold a charge, or if it's physically damaged. Typically, this occurs every 3-5 years, depending on usage and maintenance. Regular testing and monitoring can help determine the right time for replacement.